Moon Phases |
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In History |
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Oct. 5, 1882 Birth date of U.S. rocket pioneer Robert Goddard. Oct. 14, 1947 U.S. pilot Chuck Yeager breaks the sound barrier in the X-1 rocket plane. Oct. 18, 1959 First photos of our moon's far side returned by Soviet Union's Luna 3 probe. Oct. 22, 1975 First photos from the surface of Venus returned by Soviet Union's Venera 9 probe. Nov. 9, 1934 Birth date of astronomer, author and TV celebrity Carl Sagan. Nov. 15, 1738 Birth date of British astronomer William Herschel, who discovered Uranus in 1781. |
Fall's evening skies
feature one of mythology's happiest tales, a tale of sacrifice and love.
In
a nutshell: Cassiopeia, the queen of Ethiopia, and her husband, King Cepheus,
agreed to sacrifice their beautiful daughter, Andromeda, to save the nation
from Cetus, a sea monster. At the last minute, Perseus, heading home atop his
trusty winged steed, Pegasus, after slaying the demon Medusa, rescued Andromeda
by holding up the head of Medusa for Cetus to see. Cetus was turned to stone
and sank to the bottom of the sea. Perseus married Andromeda, and they lived -
you guessed it - happily ever after.
Have
a look tonight high in the east and you will find "the Great Square" of Pegasus
followed by Andromeda and Perseus. To the north are the royals, Cassiopeia and
Cepheus. Cetus remains at the bottom of the sea beneath (south of) Pisces, "the
fish."
Andromeda
has retained her beauty in the form of the galaxy that bears her name. Similar
in size and structure to our home galaxy, the Milky Way, it is a glorious sight
in good binoculars or a wide-field telescope. The Andromeda Galaxy is the best
but not the only deep-space object worth a look in the constellation. The
multiple star Almach (Gamma Andromedae) is of particular interest. At magnitude
2, it's easy to locate but requires a telescope to separate the colorful
primary pair.
Our
hero Perseus still holds the head of Medusa in the form of the eclipsing binary
Algol, "the demon star." As the two stars circle one another, the combination
varies in magnitude from 2.1 to 3.4 over a period of about three days. This
variability, obvious to ancient observers, was enough to cause concern and add
an appropriate level of fear to the legend of Medusa. Still, I haven't heard of
anyone who glanced at Algol turning to stone.
Perseus
is also home to a wonderful double cluster. It's a favorite for viewers with
binoculars.
Though
Mars is the Roman god of war, you need not be afraid as the Red Planet and
Earth move closer in their respective orbits. Each night the two narrow the gap
slightly, and Mars grows in apparent size and magnitude and rises earlier.
Mars
spends the fall in Gemini, notably brighter than the twin stars, Castor and
Pollux. By the end of October, Mars will shine at magnitude minus 0.6 and will
be worth a look through a telescope. The best viewing time will be shortly
before morning twilight when the planet is near the meridian.
Saturn
(magnitude 0.8) and Venus (brilliant at magnitude minus 4.4) will be up in the
east (in Leo) in the early morning too. Though Venus far outshines nearby
Saturn, the two will make a fine combination with 1st-magnitude star Regulus.
The crescent moon joins the group on Oct. 7.
About
a month later, you might be able to catch a glimpse of Mercury near the eastern
horizon about 45 minutes before sunrise. On Nov. 5, the crescent moon will
snuggle up next to Venus with Mercury below and to the left of the pair.
Jupiter
is heading toward a conjunction with the sun on Dec. 23 and soon will be lost
in evening twilight. Although the year's best viewing opportunities are past,
you can still catch it near the western horizon shortly after sunset.
The
Orionid Meteor Shower peaks on the morning of Oct. 21. The moon will set a
little after 1 a.m. leaving a dark sky for the "shooting stars." Typical
Orionids produce 12-15 meteors per hour around peak time.
Interested
in a road trip? The Enchanted Skies Star Party in Socorro, N.M. is Oct. 10-13
(socorro-nm.com/starparty/index.html). It's worth the drive.
Daylight
Saving Time finally ends on Nov. 4: dark skies an hour earlier. Hooray!
Lewis
McCool writes from his home near Dolores, Colo., where he can take advantage of
clear nights and dark skies.